Architecture of fault zones determined from outcrop, cores, 3-D seismic tomography and geostatistical modeling: example from the Albalá Granitic Pluton, SW Iberian Variscan Massif     

J. Escuder Viruete  R. Carbonell  D. Martí  M. J. Jurado  A. Prez-Estaún 《Tectonophysics》2003,361(1-2):97-120

The 3-D seismic tomographic data are used together with field, core and well log structural information to determine the detailed 3-D architecture of fault zones in a granitic massif of volume 500×575×168 m at Mina Ratones area in the Albalá Granitic Pluton. To facilitate the integration of the different data, geostatistical simulation algorithms are applied to interpolate the relatively sparse structural (hard) control data conditioned to abundant but indirect 3-D (soft) seismic tomographic data. To effectively integrate geologic and tomographic data, 3-D migration of the velocity model from the time domain into the depth domain was essential. The resulting 3-D model constitutes an image of the fault zone architecture within the granitic massif that honours hard and soft data and provides an evaluation of the spatial variability of structural heterogeneities based on the computation of 3-D experimental variograms of Fracture Index (fault intensity) data. This probabilistic quantitative 3-D model of spatially heterogeneous fault zones is suitable for subsequent fluid flow simulations. The modeled image of the 3-D fault distribution is consistent with the fault architecture in the Mina Ratones area, which basically consists of two families of subvertical structures with NNE–SSW and ENE–WSW trends that displaces the surfaces of low-angle faults (North Fault) and follows their seismically detected staircase geometry. These brittle structures cut two subvertical dykes (27 and 27′ Dykes) with a NNE–SSW to N–S trend. The faults present high FI (FI>12) adjacent bands of irregular geometry in detail that intersect in space delimiting rhombohedral blocks of relatively less fractured granite (FI<6). Both structural domains likely correspond with the protolith and the damaged zone/fault core in the widely accepted model for fault zone architecture. Therefore, the construction of 3-D grids of the FI in granitic areas affected by brittle tectonics permits the quantitative structural characterization of the rock massif.  相似文献   

Deep seismic reflection profiling in the Archaean northeastern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia: implications for crustal architecture and mineral potential     

B.R. Goleby  R.S. Blewett  R.J. Korsch  D.C. Champion  K.F. Cassidy  L.E.A. Jones  P.B. Groenewald  P. Henson 《Tectonophysics》2004,388(1-4):119

Deep seismic reflection data across the Archaean Eastern Goldfields Province, northeastern Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, have provided information on its crustal architecture and on several of its highly mineralised belts. The seismic reflection data allow interpretation of several prominent crustal scale features, including an eastward thickening of the crust, subdivision of the crust into three broad layers, the presence of a prominent east dip to the majority of the reflections and the interpretation of three east-dipping crustal-penetrating shear zones. These east-dipping shear zones are major structures that subdivide the region into four terranes. Major orogenic gold deposits in the Eastern Goldfields Province are spatially associated with these major structures. The Laverton Tectonic Zone, for example, is a highly mineralised corridor that contains several world-class gold deposits plus many smaller deposits. Other non crustal-penetrating structures within the area do not appear to be as well endowed metallogenically as the Laverton structure. The seismic reflection data have also imaged a series of low-angle shear zones within and beneath the granite–greenstone terranes. Where the low-angle shear zones intersect the major crustal-penetrating structures, a wedge shaped geometry is formed. This geometry forms a suitable fluid focusing wedge in which upward to subhorizontal moving fluids are focused and then distributed into the nearby complexly deformed greenstones.  相似文献   

Depositional sequence architecture and filling response model of the Cretaceous in the Kuqa depression, the Tarim basin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lin Changsong  WANG Qinghua  XIAO Jianxin  Wang Guolin  Liu Jingyan  JI Yunlong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(Z2)

The Cretaceous system of the Kuqa depression is a regional scale (second order) depositional sequence defined by parallel unconformities or minor angular unconformities. It can be divided into four third-order sequence sets, eleven third-order sequences and tens of fourth- and fifth-order sequences. It consists generally of a regional depositional cycle from transgression to regression and is composed of three sets of facies associations: alluvial-fluvial, braided river-deltaic and lacustrine-deltaic facies associations. They represent the lowstand, transgressive and highstand facies tracts within the second-order sequence. The tectonic subsidence curve reconstructed by backstripping technique revealed that the Cretaceous Kuqa depression underwent a subsidence history from early accelerated subsidence, middle rapid subsidence and final slower subsidence phases during the Cretaceous time, with the correspondent tectonic subsidence rates being 30-35 m/Ma, 40-45 m/Ma and 5-10 m/Ma obtained from northern foredeep. This is likely attributed to the foreland dynamic process from early thrust flexural subsidence to late stress relaxation and erosion rebound uplift. The entire sedimentary history and the development of the three facies tracts are a response to the basin subsidence process. The slower subsidence foreland gentle slope was a favorable setting for the formation of braided fluvial deltaic systems during the late period of the Cretaceous, which comprise the important sandstone reservoirs in the depression. Sediment records of impermanent marine transgression were discovered in the Cretaceous and the major marine horizons are correctable to the highstands of the global sea level during the period.  相似文献   

The role of leaf inclination,leaf orientation and plant canopy architecture in soil particle detachment by raindrops     

Kirsten Foot  R. P. C. Morgan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2005,30(12):1509-1520

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华北平原冀中坳陷东部SFQ1钻孔磁性地层年代学及其地质意义     

柳富田  杨吉龙  陈社明  黄忠峰  陈永胜  胡云壮  袁海帆 《地质学报》2022,96(3):1079-1090

可靠的地层年代标尺对于研究华北平原晚上新世以来沉积物记录的沉积环境演化、新构造运动及古气候演化具有重要意义。本文通过测定冀中坳陷东部的SFQ1钻孔岩芯古地磁，建立高分辨率磁性地层年代框架，并探讨其地质意义。结果表明：SFQ1孔中更新统底界埋深为71. 0 m(布容期B/松山期M界线)，下更新统底界埋深为197. 8 m(松山期M/高斯期Ga界线)，上上新统底界埋深在328. 7 m(高斯期Ga/吉尔伯特Gi期界线)，钻孔底部年龄约为4. 74 Ma。不同构造单元钻孔联合剖面揭示，3. 6~3. 0 Ma期间受青藏高原隆升扩展影响，华北坳陷区被快速充填，至第四纪初地势已变得较为平坦，区域上出现相对水平的等时基准面，现今揭露的第四系底界埋深之所以表现出明显差异，主要是由于第四纪以来新构造运动继承性发展导致的。华北平原晚上新世以来构造运动和沉积结构对水文地质条件产生制约影响，建议在华北平原水文地质调查过程中加强第四系相关研究，以提高水资源评价精度。  相似文献   

中国传统民居建筑文化的自然地理背景   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

沙润 《地理科学》1998,(1)

讨论了气候、地貌与水文、地质与植被等自然地理要素对中国传统民居建筑的格局、型式、风格、特色等方面的影响。在此基础上分析了以功利观、审美观和生态观为内涵的中国传统民居建筑文化的自然观。  相似文献   

复合土钉支护技术在基坑支护工程中的应用——以广州地区为例   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

汤风林  林希强 《现代地质》2000,14(1):100-104

复合土钉支护技术是在土钉支护结构中复合其他土体加固技术的综合支护技术 ,是近年来在城市建筑深基坑支护工程中发展起来的一种具有中国特色的土钉支护技术。通过工程实例讨论了广州地区复合土钉支护工程中使用的基本支护结构、施工技术和工艺流程 ,并在此基础上提出了建议和意见  相似文献   

Structures of the Bohai Petroliferous Area, Bohai Bay Basin   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

CAI Dongsheng  LUO Yuhui  YAO Changhu  Research Institute of the Bohai Corporation of CNOOC  Tianjin HE Jiankun  HU Shengbiao  Institute of Geology  Geophysics  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing LU Huafu  WANG Liangshu Department of Earth Sciences  Nanjing University  Nanjing  Jiangsu 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(3):641-650

This paper, for the first time, deals with a more systematic study of the structures in the Bohaipetroliferous area that covers nearly one third of the Bohai Bay basin. The study mainly involves the effects of preexisting basement faults on the basin formation, the characteristics of basin geometry and kinetics, the modelling of the tectonic-thermal history, the polycyclicity and heterogeneity in the structural evolution and the natural seismic tomographic images of the crust and upper mantle. The authors analyze the features of the dynamic evolution of the basin in the paper and point out that the basin in the Bohai petroliferous area is an extensional pull-apart basin.  相似文献   

Physical geographical background of the culture of traditional Chinese residential architecture     

储少莹  沙润  石高俊 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1999,9(1):26-32

ThetheSisistoexplainthebasicfactorsreferringtothetraditionalChineseresidentialarchitecturebasicallyfinalizedintheMingandQingdynastiesinthecountry'sspecificphysicalenvironment.Restrainedbyaxialfactors,itadaptsitselftotheself-sufficientnatural~nomy.Itisfiexiblydesigned,rsoablyfunctioned,economicallyconstructedandfeaturedbyremarkablelocalcharacteristics.IINFLUENCEOFCLIMATEONTRADITIONalarSIOCNTIAnANCnITh~arNinetyPercentofChina'spopulationinhabitstheeasternareawithinthedemarcati…  相似文献   

地理信息系统集成平台框架结构研究   总被引：51，自引：3，他引：48  

张健挺  万庆 《遥感学报》1999,3(1):77-83

提出了基于客户／服务器结构的地理信息系统集成平台总体结构,探讨了基于元数据的地理信息系统数据集成平台以建立物理上分布而逻辑上集中的分布式地理信息系统数据库,提出了应用符合３ＮＦ范式的关系数据库进行模型管理的模式,在此基础上探讨了地理信息系统可视化建模工具。  相似文献